See grajati on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "граꙗти"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гра́ять"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гра́я"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гра̏јати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гра̏јати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гра̏јати, гра́јати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: grȁjati, grájati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "grājati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grājati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grājati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grać",
"id": "call"
},
"expansion": "Polish: grać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: grać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*grāˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerh₂-",
"t": "to cry hoarsely"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gróti",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krāen",
"3": "",
"4": "to crow"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krāen (“to crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-, *grāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”) (1sg. gróju; also grióti, 1sg. grióju), Old High German krāen (“to crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "grajanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "grajati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grajatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "grajalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "grajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "-2",
"3": "-"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grajati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ja/V-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to caw, to croak"
],
"id": "en-grajati-sla-pro-verb-8GuoYZ~W",
"links": [
[
"caw",
"caw"
],
[
"croak",
"croak"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to caw, to croak",
"word": "grakati"
},
{
"english": "to coo",
"word": "gъrkati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "grajati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "граꙗти"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гра́ять"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гра́я"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гра̏јати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гра̏јати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гра̏јати, гра́јати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: grȁjati, grájati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "grājati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grājati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grājati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grać",
"id": "call"
},
"expansion": "Polish: grać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: grać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*grāˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerh₂-",
"t": "to cry hoarsely"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gróti",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krāen",
"3": "",
"4": "to crow"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krāen (“to crow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-, *grāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”) (1sg. gróju; also grióti, 1sg. grióju), Old High German krāen (“to crow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "grajanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "grajati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grajatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "grajalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "grajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "-2",
"3": "-"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grajati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to caw, to croak",
"word": "grakati"
},
{
"english": "to coo",
"word": "gъrkati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ja/V-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to caw, to croak"
],
"links": [
[
"caw",
"caw"
],
[
"croak",
"croak"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "grajati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grajati meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.